基于极化分解和集成学习的PolSAR影像分类

为实现Pol SAR数据极化信息的充分利用,以进一步改善分类效果,该研究提出了一种基于极化分解和集成学习的Pol SAR影像分类方法。该方法首先利用多种极化分解方法从Pol SAR影像中提取极化参数;将提取的极化参数组合成一幅多通道影像;然后对多通道影像进行分割和特征提取,分别提取出各目标极化分解方法所对应的特征;并进行特征选择和分类,得到各目标极化分解方法的分类结果;最后利用集成学习技术对各分类结果进行集成。该研究以吉林省长春市部分区域为研究区,Radarsat2影像为数据源,将提出的方法应用于土地覆被分类中,取得了较好的分类效果,总体精度和Kappa系数分别达到了92.49%和0.90。此外,该研究还将提出方法与其他基于多种极化分解的分类方法进行比较,对比方法的总体精度和Kappa系数分别为90.74%和0.88,比提出方法分别低1.75%和0.02,对比结果进一步证明了提出方法的优越性。     

叶面喷施黄腐酸对川芎生长及品质的影响

以川芎苓种为试材,采用随机区组设计并开展大田试验,研究了不同浓度黄腐酸叶面喷施对川芎农艺性状、产量、质量及重金属含量的影响,以期为黄腐酸在川芎上的合理施用提供参考依据.结果 表明:叶面喷施黄腐酸能够显著提升川芎分蘖数和冠幅;川芎在H2(1.0 kg·hm-2)和H3(1.5kg·hm-2)处理后产量较CK提升23.47％以上;H3处理(1.5 kg·hm-2)能增加川芎挥发油和浸出物含量,H1处理(0.5 kg·hm-2)、H2处理(1.0 kg·hm-2)对川芎水溶性浸出物、醇溶性浸出物、挥发油、有效成分等影响较小;川芎施用黄腐酸后对其铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)5种重金属含量影响较大,其中重金属镉(Cd)含量与黄腐酸施用浓度呈明显的正相关关系,在不同浓度的黄腐酸处理后镉(Cd)含量与CK相比皆高出16.67％以上.综上,叶面喷施黄腐酸对川芎产量及品质提升有促进作用,但增加了其重金属超标风险.     

Comparison of effects of dietary‐specific fatty acids on growth and lipid metabolism in Nile tilapia

The dominant fatty acids (FAs) in oils are often used to explain different nutritional effects of dietary oils in fish. However, the amounts of dominant FAs among oils are different, and the nutritional roles of these important FAs in fish have not been precisely compared at similar levels in feeding trials. In the present study, different amounts of palmitic acid were added to safflower oil (SO), olive oil (OO) and fish oil (FO) to obtain comparable amounts (about 550 g/kg of total FAs) of 18:2n‐6, 18:1n‐9 and 20:5n‐3 + 22:6n‐3 and subsequently fed to Nile tilapia (11.1 ± 0.01 g) for 8 weeks. The results showed similar growth among groups but FO group obtained lower fat deposition, serum ALT and AST activities, compared to OO. Lipogenesis‐related gene expressions were higher in OO group than FO group in liver, muscle and adipose tissue, but there were only few differences in these genes between SO and FO groups. Lipid catabolism genes in FO group were higher than OO and SO groups in adipose tissue, but not in muscle, and the significantly higher expressions of CPT1b and PPARα were only observed in liver. Overall, dietary 18:2n‐6, 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 were beneficial to normal growth and lipid metabolism, whereas high amount of 18:1n‐9 induced lipid deposition and liver damage in Nile tilapia.     

基于高光谱和参数优化支持向量机的水稻施氮水平分类研究

为探索水稻氮素营养的快速、无损诊断方法以及构建基于高光谱技术的水稻氮素营养状况分类识别模型。本研究以 4种不同施氮水平的“中嘉早 17”水稻分蘖期顶部第三完全展开叶叶片(简称顶三叶)为研究对象，测定各叶片的可见光到近红外波段(350～ 2500 nm)内的光谱数据，对所获取的光谱数据进行平滑处理和归一化处理，以消除噪声及量纲的影响，并采用主成分分析(PCA)的方法进行数据降维至 22维，同时分别选用基于网格搜索算法、粒子群算法和遗传算法优化参数的支持向量机进行水稻氮素营养状况分类识别模型的建立。研究结果表明:1)不同施氮水平下的水稻叶片光谱反射率曲线走势大致相同，但不同施氮水平下 780～ 1 300、1 400～ 1 850及 1 900～ 2500 nm波段光谱反射率存在一定的差别；2)优化参数后的 SVM模型与默认参数下的 SVM模型相比，其训练集与测试集分类识别效果都要优于默认参数下的 SVM模型。其中，以遗传算法优化参数的 SVM模型识别分类效果最佳，训练集和测试集识别准确率分别为 99.375%、98.750%，测试集的4种施氮水平(施氮量从低到高)识别准确率分别为 100%、95%、100%和 100%。结果表明利用高光谱技术能够很好地进行水稻氮素营养状况的定性诊断研究。为快速水稻氮素营养诊断提供了一种新途径，为精确施氮提供了技术支撑和理论依据。     

生长后期干旱复水对饲草大麦产量、品质及叶绿素含量的影响

为研究水分胁迫对饲草大麦生长、产量、籽粒关键品质和相关生理指标的影响,于2017～2018年采用盆栽称重控水法对甘饲麦1号进行以干旱胁迫持续时间(T)为主因素(10、20、30 d)和旱后复水量为副因素(W1、W2和W3)的裂区试验,测定其株高、穗长、生育期、单株产量及构成因子、关键品质指标以及叶绿素含量的变化。结果显示:干旱胁迫时间显著影响了各项测定指标,各项测定指标均表现出随着干旱胁迫时间的延长其显著降低,指标测定值均表现出T1T2T3。较T1,T2和T3处理的株高显著降低了10.87和16.26 cm,生育期显著提前了5.12和14.00 d;穗粒数、千粒重和单株产量分别显著降低了37.77%和67.06%、15.68%和30.62%、28.72%和69.09%;籽粒蛋白质含量显著提高了4.33%和10.16%,籽粒淀粉含量显著降低了5.65%和22.78%,籽粒饱满度显著降低了12.83%和18.95%。在同一胁迫期内,除了籽粒蛋白质含量以外,其余各项测定指标值均随着复水量的减少而不同程度的降低,指标测定值均表现为W1W2W3,且在T2和T3胁迫期下较对照W1,W3降低尤为明显。通过测定饲草大麦叶片叶绿素含量发现:在T1和T2持续胁迫时间下,复水后W1和W2处理存在显著的补偿效应,而W3以及T3持续胁迫时间的所有复水处理均未产生显著的补偿效应。说明甘饲麦1号干旱复水补偿效应的利用应注意干旱胁迫持续时间不超过20 d(土壤最大持水量的60%～65%),旱后复水量不低于田间土壤最大持水量的55%～60%为宜。     

SRT1720 enhances maturity and quality of oocytes in aged mice

This study aims to investigate the morphology and distribution of mitochondria, spindles, and chromosomes in oocytes of aged mice and examine the effects of SRT1720 on oocyte maturation. C57BL/6J mice were divided into young (4–8 weeks) and aged groups (48–52 weeks). In vitro maturation media contained (0.05, 0.1, and 1.0 μM) SRT1720 and 0.1-μM dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO control). The rate of chromosome misalignment and spindle misorientation in oocytes of aged mice were significantly higher than that of young mice (P < 0.01). Fluorescence intensity of mitochondria from oocytes of aged mice was significantly lower than that of young mice (P < 0.01). SRT1720 at 0.1 μM significantly improved oocyte maturation, fertilization, and blastocyst formation in aged mice compared with young mice (P < 0.01). Additionally, immunofluorescence intensity of mitochondria, normal spindle morphology, and chromosome alignment were notably enhanced with SRT1720 when compared with the DSMO control group for metaphase II (MII)-stage oocytes matured in vitro (P < 0.01); 0.1-μM SRT1720 enhanced the expression level of SRIT1 in oocytes from aged mice. In summary, the aged mice oocytes showed increased nuclear and cytoplasmic defects, whereas SRT1720 enhanced oocyte maturation and quality. We concluded that 0.1-μM SRT1720 was an appropriate concentration for in vitro maturation media.     

Pyroptosis mediates high glucose-induced inflammation and injury in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts

AIM To investigate whether pyroptosis contributes to the inflammation and injury in mouse embryonic osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1 induced by high glucose (HG; 45 mmol/L glucose). METHODS The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The protein expression levels of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1 (CASP1) were determined by Western blot. The secretion levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and IL-1β were measured by ELISA. The intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining followed by photofluorography. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was examined by rhodamine 123 staining followed by photofluorography. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined using the ALP kit, and the number of mineralized nodules was detected by alizarin red S staining. RESULTS After the MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with HG for 24 h, the protein expression levels of NLRP3 and CASP1, and the secretion levels of IL-18 and IL-1β were significantly increased. The decrease in cell viability, and the increases in ROS generation and MMP loss were also observed. Moreover, the differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were inhibited, evidenced by decreases in both ALP activity and mineralized nodule number. Knockdown of CASP1 by siRNA attenuated the HG-induced osteoblast inflammation and injury mentioned above. CONCLUSION Pyroptosis mediates HG-induced inflammation and injury in MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts.     

猕猴桃溃疡病菌biovar 3群体MLVA分型技术的建立与应用

 丁香假单胞菌猕猴桃致病变种生物型3(Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovar 3,Psa3)是猕猴桃溃疡病菌的世界流行群体,但仅在中国存在复杂的遗传多样性。开发适于Psa3群体分型的MLVA(multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis)技术是探索中国Psa3起源与流行学特性的基础。本研究对7个Psa3菌株进行了全基因组测序,结合已公布的86个全基因组数据,进行比较分析发现,中国Psa3至少存在7个亚群;在各亚群间存在多态性的24个串联重复序列中,其中10个可以通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳区分开且变异指数合适,据此建立了适于Psa3的MLVA技术。采用该技术对分别来自贵州和陕西的62和9个Psa3菌株进行群体分型,分型结果与全基因组分析高度一致,证明该MLVA体系分型准确。MLVA分型结果表明:贵州主产区修文县Psa3有3个MLVA群体,其中亚群4的组内分化明显,代表最早发生的群体;而亚群 1和3的结构单一,且多在新果园发现,是新传入群体。总之,本研究建立了一套可用于Psa3群体分型的MLVA技术,将有助于解析中国各猕猴桃产区Psa3群体结构,以及探索中国Psa3的起源、传播和流行学特征。     

Calreticulin expression is necessary for protective immune effect of T-cell vaccine in EAE mice

AIM:To study the role of cell membrane ectopic calreticulin (CALR) expression on the protective immunie effect of T-cell vaccine (TCV) on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). METHODS:EAE model was established by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 35-55 (MOG_35-55) immunization in C57BL/6 mice, and the mice were immunized with MOG_35-55-specific CALR⁺ and CALR^- T-lymphocytes. Symptomatic scores were compared at the maximum of the disease. On the 15th day after immunization, the proportion of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the spleen, and the expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10 and IL-17A in the serum were measured. RESULTS:Increased expression of CALR in activated T cells after γ-irradiation was observed. Blockade of CALR on the vaccinating T-cell surface reduced the protective effect of TCV. Furthermore, blockade of CALR reduced the number of Treg in the spleen and up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION:CALR expression in the T cells is necessary for the protective immunity induced by TCV in EAE mice.     

大白菜TPS基因家族鉴定及其在高温胁迫下的表达分析

为明确大白菜TPS(BrTPS)家族成员信息及对高温胁迫信号的响应,本研究利用生物信息学方法,在大白菜基因组数据库中鉴定了BrTPS基因家族成员,并对其理化性质、进化特征、蛋白结构及在高温胁迫下的表达模式进行分析。结果表明,大白菜全基因组含有15个TPS基因家族成员,分布于8条染色体上。除BrTPS14和BrTPS15外,其余成员各含有1个TPS和1个TPP结构域,并且所含motif的排列顺序也完全一致。理化性质分析发现,15个成员的氨基酸长度介于129~1459 aa之间,分子量大小在14.73~165.83 kD之间,大部分BrTPS蛋白为酸性蛋白和亲水蛋白,以无规则卷曲作为二级结构主要构成元件。进化分析表明,大白菜TPS基因家族成员可分为2类,其中ClassⅠ包含5个成员,ClassⅡ包含10个成员。本研究对高温胁迫前后不同组织和持续高温胁迫下叶片中的表达分析,发现大部分的BrTPS基因可对高温胁迫产生响应,但在表达规律上存在差异。这些研究结果为后续研究大白菜TPS基因提供一定参考。